Antibiotics: What They Are and When to Use Them

Antibiotics are medicines that kill or stop the growth of bacteria. They don’t work on viruses, so taking them for a cold or flu won’t help. Knowing the right time to start an antibiotic can speed up recovery and keep you from feeling worse.

How Antibiotics Really Work

Most antibiotics attack a part of the bacterial cell that humans don’t have, like the cell wall or a protein factory. When that part gets damaged, the bug can’t survive. Different classes target different bugs, which is why doctors ask for a specific prescription rather than a one‑size‑fits‑all pill.

Safe Use and Avoiding Resistance

Resistance happens when bacteria learn how to dodge a drug. The fastest way to prevent it is to finish the whole prescription, even if you feel better early. Skipping doses or stopping early gives the surviving bugs a chance to adapt.

Never share your antibiotics with friends or family. What works for one infection might not be right for another, and using the wrong drug can make the bug stronger. If you forget a dose, take it as soon as you remember—unless it’s almost time for the next one, then just skip the missed one.

Side effects are usually mild—think upset stomach or a rash—but they can be serious in rare cases. If you notice severe diarrhea, breathing trouble, or a sudden fever, call your doctor right away. These could be signs of an allergic reaction or a more serious complication.

When you pick up your prescription, ask the pharmacist about food interactions. Some antibiotics work best on an empty stomach, while others need you to take them with food to avoid stomach irritation. A quick chat can save you a lot of guesswork.

Lastly, keep a list of all the meds you’re on, including over‑the‑counter drugs and supplements. Certain supplements, like calcium or iron, can block antibiotic absorption, making the treatment less effective. Sharing this list with your healthcare provider helps them choose the best option for you.

In short, antibiotics are powerful tools when used correctly. Follow the prescription, finish the course, and stay alert for side effects. Doing so protects you and helps keep these drugs working for everyone who needs them.